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| Maximilien Luce, Biography |
Maximilien Luce was a French painter, lithographer, draftsman and one of the first Neo-Impressionists. He was born into a poor family in Paris on March 13th, 1858.
After an initial training as a wood carver at the Ecole des Arts decoratifs, he began to study engraving in 1872 and took evening courses to develop his knowledge. In 1876 he entered the shop of the engraver Eugene Froment (1844-1900), where he worked on numerous illustrations for French newspapers and foreign periodicals.
In 1877 Luce left Paris with Froment and went to London. When he returned to France in 1879 he was called for military service, first in Brittany and then in Paris where he continued with his career as an engraver. It was during his military service that Luce met Charles Emile Carolus-Duran (1837-1917), the famous French painter and sculptor whose students included countless artists - both French as well as foreign, who later earned very important positions in art history. His entrance to Carolus-Duran's studio not only gave him painstaking training as a draftsman, but introduced him to the leading painters of the time. Through his friendship with Camille Pissarro, Luce came to know Georges Seurat, Paul Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross. Together with them he was one of the founders of Neo-Impressionism (Pointillism).
Until 1904 Luce lived in Montmartre, the streets of which he liked to paint. During 1904-1924, he lived in Auteuil, and then moved back to Paris. Besides street scenes, factories and wharfs, he painted numerous landscapes of his travels through the Etampes, Normandy and Brittany. During the First World War he also painted war scenes, such as wounded and homecoming soldiers.
In 1887, Luce joined the Societe des Independants, after which time he consistently participated in the avant-garde group?s exhibitions. Compared to other Neo-Impresionists, Luce was less bound by the theoretical dicta of optical fusion and his paintings favored a more instinctive approach, which he applied with equal interest to landscapes and portraits.
In 1934, Maximilien Luce was elected President of the Societe des Artistes Independants after Signac's retirement, but soon resigned in a protest against society's policy to restrict the admission of Jewish artists.
Luce was always very interested in the worries and pains of ordinary people and attempted to honestly transmit such human plight in his portrayal of dockers, masons and other laborers whose daily work he witnessed. Through Camille Pissarro, Luce came under the influence of Anarchistic ideas and formed friendships with the Anarchist writers and journalists Jules Christophe, Jean Grave, Georges Darien and Emile Pouget. In 1894 he became involved in the "Trial of the Thirty" and served a short term of imprisonment.
Luce made a significant contribution towards exporting Neo-Impressionism and maintained strong ties with the Belgian Pointillist Theo van Rysselberghe (1862-1926).
Maximilien Luce produced a sizable amount of work in various mediums, as he was an indefatigable artist. Luce remains a very important figure in French Post-Impressionist Art, as a Pointillist and a social realist. He died in Paris in 1941.
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